Isa 4:0-5:1 | JFB

‏ Isaiah 4

CHAPTER 4

that day--the calamitous period described in previous chapter.

seven--indefinite number among the Jews. So many men would be slain, that there would be very many more women than men; for example, seven women, contrary to their natural bashfulness, would sue to (equivalent to "take hold of," Is 3:6) one man to marry them.

eat ... own bread--foregoing the privileges, which the law (Ex 21:10) gives to wives, when a man has more than one.

reproach--of being unwedded and childless; especially felt among the Jews, who were looking for "the seed of the woman," Jesus Christ, described in Is 4:2; Is 54:1, 4; Lu 1:25.

2. In contrast to those on whom vengeance falls, there is a manifestation of Jesus Christ to the "escaped of Israel" in His characteristic attributes, beauty and glory, typified in Aaron's garments (Ex 28:2). Their sanctification is promised as the fruit of their being "written" in the book of life by sovereign love (Is 4:3); the means of it are the "spirit of judgment" and that of "burning" (Is 4:4). Their "defense" by the special presence of Jesus Christ is promised (Is 4:5, 6).

branch--the sprout of Jehovah. Messiah (Jr 23:5; 33:15; Zec 3:8; 6:12; Lu 1:78, Margin). The parallel clause does not, as Maurer objects, oppose this; for "fruit of the earth" answers to "branch"; He shall not be a dry, but a fruit-bearing branch (Is 27:6; Eze 34:23-27). He is "of the earth" in His birth and death, while He is also "of the Lord" (Jehovah) (Joh 12:24). His name, "the Branch," chiefly regards His descent from David, when the family was low and reduced (Lu 2:4, 7, 24); a sprout with more than David's glory, springing as from a decayed tree (Is 11:1; 53:2; Re 22:16).

excellent--(He 1:4; 8:6).

comely--(So 5:15, 16; Eze 16:14).

escaped of Israel--the elect remnant (Ro 11:5); (1) in the return from Babylon; (2) in the escape from Jerusalem's destruction under Titus; (3) in the still future assault on Jerusalem, and deliverance of "the third part"; events mutually analogous, like concentric circles (Zec 12:2-10; 13:8, 9, &c.; 14:2; Eze 39:23-29; Joe 3:1-21).

3. left in Zion--equivalent to the "escaped of Israel" (Is 4:2).

shall be called--shall be (Is 9:6).

holy--(Is 52:1; 60:21; Re 21:27).

written--in the book of life, antitypically (Php 4:3; Re 3:5; 17:8). Primarily, in the register kept of Israel's families and tribes.

living--not "blotted out" from the registry, as dead; but written there as among the "escaped of Israel" (Da 12:1; Eze 13:9). To the elect of Israel, rather than the saved in general, the special reference is here (Joe 3:17).

4. When--that is, After.

washed--(Zec 13:1).

filth--moral (Is 1:21-25).

daughters of Zion--same as in Is 3:16.

purged--purified by judgments; destroying the ungodly, correcting and refining the godly.

blood--(Is 1:15).

spirit--Whatever God does in the universe, He does by His Spirit, "without the hand" of man (Job 34:20; Psa 104:30). Here He is represented using His power as Judge.

burning--(Mt 3:11, 12). The same Holy Ghost, who sanctifies believers by the fire of affliction (Mal 3:2, 3), dooms unbelievers to the fire of perdition (1Co 3:13-15).

5. create--The "new creation" needs as much God's creative omnipotence, as the material creation (2Co 4:6; Ep 2:10). So it shall be in the case of the Holy Jerusalem to come (Is 65:17, 18).

upon--The pillar of cloud stood over the tabernacle, as symbol of God's favor and presence (Ex 13:21, 22; Psa 91:1). Both on individual families ("every dwelling") and on the general sacred "assemblies" (Le 23:2). The "cloud" became a "fire" by night in order to be seen by the Lord's people.

upon all the glory--"upon the glorious whole"; namely, the Lord's people and sanctuary [Maurer]. May it not mean, "Upon whatever the glory (the Shekinah spoken of in the previous clause) shall rest, there shall be a defense." The symbol of His presence shall ensure also safety. So it was to Israel against the Egyptians at the Red Sea (Ex 14:19, 20). So it shall be to literal Jerusalem hereafter (Zec 2:5). Also to the Church, the spiritual "Zion" (Is 32:18; 33:15-17; He 12:22).

tabernacle--Christ's body (Joh 1:14). "The word 'tabernacled' (Greek for 'dwelt') among us" (Joh 2:21; He 8:2). It is a "shadow from the heat" and "refuge from the storm" of divine wrath against man's sins (Is 25:4). Heat and storms are violent in the East; so that a portable tent is a needful part of a traveller's outfit. Such shall be God's wrath hereafter, from which the "escaped of Israel" shall be sheltered by Jesus Christ (Is 26:20, 21; 32:2).

covert--answering to "defense" (Is 4:5). The Hebrew for defense in Is 4:5, is "covering"; the lid of the ark or mercy seat was named from the same Hebrew word, caphar; the propitiatory; for it, being sprinkled with blood by the high priest once a year, on the day of atonement, covered the people typically from wrath. Jesus Christ is the true Mercy Seat, on whom the Shekinah rested, the propitiatory, or atonement, beneath whom the law is kept, as it was literally within the ark, and man is covered from the storm. The redeemed Israel shall also be, by union with Him, a tabernacle for God's glory, which, unlike that in the wilderness, shall not be taken down (Is 38:20).

‏ Isaiah 5:1

CHAPTER 5 Is 5:1-30. Parable of Jehovah's Vineyard.

A new prophecy; entire in itself. Probably delivered about the same time as the second and third chapters, in Uzziah's reign. Compare Is 5:15, 16 with Is 2:17; and Is 5:1 with Is 3:14. However, the close of the chapter alludes generally to the still distant invasion of Assyrians in a later reign (compare Is 5:26 with Is 7:18; and Is 5:25 with Is 9:12). When the time drew nigh, according to the ordinary prophetic usage, he handles the details more particularly (Is 7:1-8:22); namely, the calamities caused by the Syro-Israelitish invasion, and subsequently by the Assyrians whom Ahaz had invited to his help.

1. to--rather, "concerning" [Gesenius], that is, in the person of My beloved, as His representative [Vitringa]. Isaiah gives a hint of the distinction and yet unity of the Divine Persons (compare He with I, Is 5:2, 3).

of my beloved--inspired by Him; or else, a tender song [Castalio]. By a slight change of reading "a song of His love" [Houbigant]. "The Beloved" is Jehovah, the Second Person, the "Angel" of God the Father, not in His character as incarnate Messiah, but as God of the Jews (Ex 23:20, 21; 32:34; 33:14).

vineyard--(Is 3:14; Psa 80:8, &c.). The Jewish covenant-people, separated from the nations for His glory, as the object of His peculiar care (Mt 20:1; 21:33). Jesus Christ in the "vineyard" of the New Testament Church is the same as the Old Testament Angel of the Jewish covenant.

fruitful hill--literally, "a horn" ("peak," as the Swiss shreckhorn) of the son of oil; poetically, for very fruitful. Suggestive of isolation, security, and a sunny aspect. Isaiah alludes plainly to the Song of Solomon (So 6:3; 8:11, 12), in the words "His vineyard" and "my Beloved" (compare Is 26:20; 61:10, with So 1:4; 4:10). The transition from "branch" (Is 4:2) to "vineyard" here is not unnatural.