Gen 16:10 | KD | STEP | Hagar no doubt intended to escape to Egypt by a road used from time immemorial, that ran from Hebron past Beersheba, “ by the way of Shur .” - Shur , the present Jifar , is the name given to the north-western portion of the desert of Arabia (cf. ). There the angel of the Lord found her by a well, and directed her to return to her mistress, and submit to her; at the same time he promised her the birth of a son, and an innumerable multiplication of her descendants. As the fruit of her womb was the seed of Abram, she was to return to his house and there bear him a son, who, though not the seed promised by God, would be honoured for Abram’s sake with the blessing of an innumerable posterity. For this reason also Jehovah appeared to her in the form of the Angel of Jehovah . הרה is adj. verb . as in , etc.: “ thou art with child and wilt bear; ” ילדתּ for ילדת ( ) is found again in Jdg 13:5, Jdg 13:7. This son she was to call Ishmael (“ God hears ”), “ for Jehovah hath hearkened to thy distress .” עני afflictionem sine dubio vocat, quam Hagar afflictionem sentiebat esse, nempe conditionem servitem et quod castigata esset a Sara ( Luther ). It was Jehovah , not Elohim , who had heard, although the latter name was most naturally suggested as the explanation of Ishmael , because the hearing, i.e., the multiplication of Ishmael’s descendants, was the result of the covenant grace of Jehovah . Moreover, in contrast with the oppression which has had endured and still would endure, she received the promise that her son would endure no such oppression. “ He will be a wild ass of a man .” The figure of a פּרא, onager , that wild and untameable animal, roaming at its will in the desert, of which so highly poetic a description is given in , depicts most aptly “the Bedouin’s boundless love of freedom as he rides about in the desert, spear in hand, upon his camel or his horse, hardy, frugal, revelling in the varied beauty of nature, and despising town life in every form;” and the words, “ his hand will be against every man, and every man’s hand against him, ” describe most truly the incessant state of feud, in which the Ishmaelites live with one another or with their neighbours. “ He will dwell before the face of all his brethren .” פּני על denotes, it is true, to the east of (cf. ), and this meaning is to be retained here; but the geographical notice of the dwelling-place of the Ishmaelites hardly exhausts the force of the expression, which also indicated that Ishmael would maintain an independent standing before (in the presence of) all the descendants of Abraham. History has confirmed this promise. The Ishmaelites have continued to this day in free and undiminished possession of the extensive peninsula between the Euphrates, the Straits of Suez, and the Red Sea, from which they have overspread both Northern Africa and Southern Asia.

‏ Genesis 16:10

Hagar no doubt intended to escape to Egypt by a road used from time immemorial, that ran from Hebron past Beersheba, “by the way of Shur.” - Shur, the present Jifar, is the name given to the north-western portion of the desert of Arabia (cf. Exo 15:22). There the angel of the Lord found her by a well, and directed her to return to her mistress, and submit to her; at the same time he promised her the birth of a son, and an innumerable multiplication of her descendants. As the fruit of her womb was the seed of Abram, she was to return to his house and there bear him a son, who, though not the seed promised by God, would be honoured for Abram’s sake with the blessing of an innumerable posterity. For this reason also Jehovah appeared to her in the form of the Angel of Jehovah. הרה is adj. verb. as in Gen 38:24, etc.: “thou art with child and wilt bear;” ילדתּ for ילדת (Gen 17:19) is found again in Jdg 13:5, Jdg 13:7. This son she was to call Ishmael (“God hears”), “for Jehovah hath hearkened to thy distress.” עני afflictionem sine dubio vocat, quam Hagar afflictionem sentiebat esse, nempe conditionem servitem et quod castigata esset a Sara (Luther). It was Jehovah, not Elohim, who had heard, although the latter name was most naturally suggested as the explanation of Ishmael, because the hearing, i.e., the multiplication of Ishmael’s descendants, was the result of the covenant grace of Jehovah. Moreover, in contrast with the oppression which has had endured and still would endure, she received the promise that her son would endure no such oppression. “He will be a wild ass of a man.” The figure of a פּרא, onager, that wild and untameable animal, roaming at its will in the desert, of which so highly poetic a description is given in Job 39:5-8, depicts most aptly “the Bedouin’s boundless love of freedom as he rides about in the desert, spear in hand, upon his camel or his horse, hardy, frugal, revelling in the varied beauty of nature, and despising town life in every form;” and the words, “his hand will be against every man, and every man’s hand against him,” describe most truly the incessant state of feud, in which the Ishmaelites live with one another or with their neighbours. “He will dwell before the face of all his brethren.” פּני על denotes, it is true, to the east of (cf. Gen 25:18), and this meaning is to be retained here; but the geographical notice of the dwelling-place of the Ishmaelites hardly exhausts the force of the expression, which also indicated that Ishmael would maintain an independent standing before (in the presence of) all the descendants of Abraham. History has confirmed this promise. The Ishmaelites have continued to this day in free and undiminished possession of the extensive peninsula between the Euphrates, the Straits of Suez, and the Red Sea, from which they have overspread both Northern Africa and Southern Asia.