Esther 9
The Jews Prevail over Their Enemies
1 In the twelfth month (that is, the month of Adar), on its thirteenth day, the edict of the king and his law were to be executed. It was on this day that the enemies of the Jews had supposed that they would gain power over them. But contrary to expectations, the Jews gained power over their enemies. 2The Jews assembled themselves in their cities throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus to strike out against those who were seeking their harm. No one was able to stand before them, for dread of them fell on all the peoples. 3All the officials of the provinces, the satraps, the governors, and those who performed the king’s business were assisting the Jews, for the dread of Mordecai had fallen on them. 4Mordecai was of high rank ▼▼tn Heb “great”; NRSV “powerful”; NIV “prominent”; NCV “very important.”
in the king’s palace, and word about him was spreading throughout all the provinces. His influence ▼▼tn Heb “the man Mordecai” (so NASB, NRSV).
continued to become greater and greater. 5 The Jews struck all their enemies with the sword, bringing death and destruction, and they did as they pleased with their enemies. 6In Susa the citadel the Jews killed and destroyed 500 men. 7In addition, they also killed Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha, 8Poratha, Adalia, Aridatha, 9Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, and Vaizatha, 10the 10 sons of Haman son of Hammedatha, the enemy of the Jews. But they did not confiscate their property. 11 On that same day the number of those killed in Susa the citadel was brought to the king’s attention. 12Then the king said to Queen Esther, “In Susa the citadel the Jews have killed and destroyed 500 men and the 10 sons of Haman. What then have they done in the rest of the king’s provinces? What is your request? It shall be given to you. What other petition do you have? It shall be done.” 13 Esther replied, “If the king is so inclined, let the Jews who are in Susa be permitted to act tomorrow also according to today’s law, and let them hang the 10 sons of Haman on the gallows.” 14 So the king issued orders for this to be done. A law was passed in Susa, and the ten sons of Haman were hanged. 15The Jews who were in Susa then assembled on the fourteenth day of the month of Adar, and they killed 300 men in Susa. But they did not confiscate their property. 16 The rest of the Jews who were throughout the provinces of the king assembled in order to stand up for themselves and to have rest from their enemies. They killed 75,000 ▼▼tc For this number much of the Greek ms tradition reads “15,000.” The Lucianic Greek recension reads “70,100.”
of their adversaries, but they did not confiscate their property. 17All this happened on the thirteenth day of the month of Adar. They then rested on the fourteenth day and made it a day for banqueting and happiness. The Origins of the Feast of Purim
18 But the Jews who were in Susa assembled on the thirteenth and fourteenth days, and rested on the fifteenth, making it a day for banqueting and happiness. 19This is why the Jews who are in the rural country—those who live in rural villages—set aside the fourteenth day of the month of Adar for happiness, banqueting, a holiday, and sending gifts to one another. 20 Mordecai wrote these matters down and sent letters to all the Jews who were throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far, 21to have them observe the fourteenth and the fifteenth days of the month of Adar each year 22as the time when the Jews gave themselves rest from their enemies—the month when their trouble was turned to happiness and their mourning to a holiday. These were to be days of banqueting, happiness, sending gifts to one another, and providing for the poor. 23 So the Jews committed themselves to continuing what they had begun to do and to what Mordecai had written to them. 24For Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised plans against the Jews to destroy them. He had cast pur (that is, the lot) in order to afflict and destroy them. 25But when the matter came to the king’s attention, the king ▼▼tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
gave written orders that Haman’s ▼▼tn Heb “his”; the referent (Haman) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
evil intentions that he had devised against the Jews should fall on his own head. He and his sons were hanged on the gallows. 26For this reason these days are known as Purim, after the name of pur. Therefore, because of the account found in this letter and what they had faced in this regard and what had happened to them, 27the Jews established as binding on themselves, their descendants, and all who joined their company that they should observe these two days without fail, just as written and at the appropriate time on an annual basis. 28These days were to be remembered and to be celebrated in every generation and in every family, every province, and every city. The Jews were not to fail to observe these days of Purim; the remembrance of them was not to cease among their descendants. 29 So Queen Esther, the daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the Jew wrote with full authority to confirm this second ▼▼tc The LXX and the Syriac Peshitta omit the word “second.”
letter about Purim. 30Letters were sent ▼▼tc The present translation is based on the Niphal form וַיִּשָׁלַח (vayyishalakh, “were sent”; so also NRSV, TEV, CEV, NLT) rather than the reading of the MT וַיִּשְׁלַח (vayyishlakh, Qal, “and he sent”). The subject of the MT verb would have to be Mordecai (cf. NAB, NIV, NCV), but this is problematic in light of v. 29, where both Esther and Mordecai are responsible for the letters.
to all the Jews in the 127 provinces of the empire of Ahasuerus—words of true peace ▼ — 31to establish these days of Purim in their proper times, just as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther had established, and just as they had established both for themselves and their descendants, matters pertaining to fasting and lamentation. 32Esther’s command established these matters of Purim, and the matter was officially recorded. ▼▼tn Heb “written in the book” (so NASB); NIV, NLT “written down in the records”; NRSV “recorded in writing.”
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