Exodus 1:12
12But the more the Egyptians ▼▼tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Egyptians) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
oppressed them, the more they multiplied and spread. ▼ ▼▼sn Nothing in the oppression caused this, of course. Rather, the blessing of God (Gen 12:1-3) was on Israel in spite of the efforts of Egypt to hinder it. According to Gen 15 God had foretold that there would be this period of oppression (עָנָה [ʿanah] in Gen 15:13). In other words, God had decreed and predicted both their becoming a great nation and the oppression to show that he could fulfill his promise to Abraham in spite of the bondage.
As a result the Egyptians loathed ▼▼tn Heb “they felt a loathing before/because of”; the referent (the Egyptians) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
the Israelites,
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