Num 28:11-29:40, Deu 16:1-17, Psa 81:1-4, Col 2:16-17 | TSK | STEP

11,19; Le 23:18,19Bishop Patrick observes that no peace offerings are appointed in this chapter, which were chiefly for the benefit of the offerers, and therefore in them they were left more to themselves; but burnt offerings, which were purely for the honour of God, and confessions of his dominion, and which figured evangelical piety and devotion, by which the soul is wholly offered up to God, in the flames of holy love; and sin offerings, which were typical of Christ's sacrifice of himself, by which we and our services are perfected and sanctified.

15,22; 15:24; 2Co 5:21; Ga 3:13; 1Pe 2:24; 3:18

without blemish.

19; Mal 1:13,14

‏ Numbers 29

1 The offering at the feast of trumpets;

7 at the day of afflicting their souls;

12 and on the eight days of the feast of tabernacles.

the seventh.That is, the month Tisri, the seventh month of their ecclesiastical year, but the first of their civil year, answering to our September. This, which was their new year's day, was a time of great festivity, and ushered in by the blowing of trumpets; whence it was also called the feast of blowing the trumpets. In imitation of this Jewish festival, different nations began the new year with sacrifices and festivity. The ancient Egyptians did so; and the Persians also celebrated their {nawee rooz,} or new year's day, which they held on the vernal equinox, and which "lasted ten days, during which all ranks seemed to participate in one general joy. The rich sent presents to the poor; all were dressed in their holiday clothes; all kept open house; and religious processions, music, dancing, a species of theatrical exhibition, rustic sports, and other pastimes, presented a continued round of varied amusement. Even the dead, and the ideal beings were not forgotten; rich viands being placed on the tops of houses and high towers, on the flavour of which the {Peris,} and spirits of their departed heroes and friends, were supposed to feast." After the Mohammedan conquest of Persia, the celebration of this period sensibly declined, and at last totally ceased, till the time of Jelaladdin (about A.D. 1082), who, coming to the crown at the vernal equinox, re-established the ancient festival, which has ever since been celebrated with pomp and acclamations.

Le 23:24,25; Ezr 3:6; Ne 7:73

the first day of the month.The monthly sacrifices were regulated by the new moons; and it is probable that the solemn sacrifices were appointed by God, to prevent the idolatry which was usual among the heathen at this period; who expressed the most extravagant rejoicings on the first appearance of the new moon. Moses, however, used the return of the moon only as one of the most natural and convenient measures of time; and appointed sacrifices to Jehovah, to prevent the Israelites from falling into the idolatries of their heathen neighbours. In the serene climate of Arabia and Judea, its first faint crescent is, for the most part, visible to all.

blowing.

10:1-10; 1Ch 15:28; Ps 81:3; 89:15; Isa 27:13; Zec 9:14

Mr 16:15,16; Ro 10:14-18; 15:16-19

8,36; 28:19,27; Heb 10:10-14

28:15,22,30

the burnt.

28:11-15

the daily.

28:3-8; Ex 29:38-42; Le 6:9

according.

18,21; 9:14; 15:11,12,24; Ezr 3:4

on the tenth.

Le 16:29-31; 23:27

afflict.

Le 16:29; Ezr 8:21; Ps 35:13; 126:5,6; Isa 22:12; 58:3-5; Zec 7:3

Zec 12:10; Mt 5:4; Lu 13:3,5; Ac 27:9; Ro 6:6; 1Co 9:27; 2Co 7:9-11

Jas 4:8-10

without blemish.

2,13; 28:19

15:3-12

beside.

Le 16:3,5,9; Isa 53:10; Da 9:24-26; Heb 7:27; 9:25-28

the continual.

6; 28:3-8

the fifteenth day.This was the feast of Tabernacles, kept in commemoration of their dwelling in tents in the wilderness for forty years. The first and last days were to be kept as sabbaths, on which there were solemn assemblies; and for seven days sacrifices were offered. On the other festivals, two bullocks sufficed, (ch. 28:11, 19, 27), and on the festival at the beginning of this month, only one was appointed; but, on the first day of this festival, thirteen young bullocks were appointed; and so on each successive day, with the decrease of only one bullock, till on the seventh day, there were only seven, making in all seventy bullocks. The lambs, and the rams also, were in a double proportion to the number sacrificed at any other festival. This was an expensive service; but more easy at this time of the year than any other, as Bishop Patrick observes, because now their barns were full, and their wine-presses overflowed; and their hearts might well be supposed to be more enlarged than at other times, in thankfulness to God for the multitude of his mercies. The Jewish doctors give this reason for the daily diminution of the number of the bullocks: the whole number, say they, was according to the languages of the seventy nations of the world; and the diminution of one every day signified, that there should be a gradual diminution of those nations till all things were brought under the government of the Messiah; in whose days "no sacrifices shall remain, but those of thanksgiving, prayer, and praise."

Ex 23:16; 34:22; Le 23:33-43; De 16:13,14; Ne 8:14,18; Eze 45:25

Zec 14:16-19; Joh 1:14; Heb 11:9-13

thirteen young bullocks.

2,8; 28:11,19,27; Ezr 3:4; Heb 10:12-14At this feast thirteen bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs, were to be offered. It is worthy of remark, that in each of the seven days of this feast one bullock is to be abated, so that on the seventh day (ver. 32) they were to offer seven bullocks, but the rams and lambs were every day alike; which appointment might signify a diminishing and wearing away of the legal offerings, to lead them to the spiritual and reasonable service, by presenting their own bodies a living sacrifice, holy, and acceptable unto God.

Ro 12:1

13,20-40; Ps 40:6; 50:8,9; 51:16,17; 69:31; Isa 1:11; Jer 7:22,23

Ho 6:6; Ro 12:1; Heb 8:13; 9:3-14

after the manner.That is, after the manner already prescribed.

3,4,6,9,10; 15:4-12; 28:7,14

11,22,25; Am 8:14

after the manner.

drink offering.

Ps 16:4; Joe 1:9,13; 2:14

11; Joh 8:31; Ac 13:43; Ro 2:7; Ga 2:5; 6:9; 2Th 3:13; Heb 3:14

Heb 10:39; 13:15

eighth day.Though this day was properly a distinct festival, and esteemed the chief or high day of the feast, yet fewer sacrifices are appointed for it than for any of the foregoing seven. On every one of them two rams and fourteen lambs were offered; but on this day there were but half as many; and whereas seven bullocks were the fewest that were offered on any of those days, on this there was only one. At this feast, there was an extraordinary ceremony of which the rabbins inform us, namely, the drawing water out of the pool of Siloam, and pouring it, mixed with wine, on the sacrifice as it lay on the altar. This they are said to have done with such expressions of joy, that it became a common proverb, "He that never saw the rejoicing of drawing of water, never saw rejoicing in all his life." The Jews pretend to ground this custom on the following passage of Isaiah, (ch. 12:3,) "With joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation;" and to this ceremony Jesus is supposed to refer, when "in the last day, the great day of the feast, he stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink: he that believeth on me, as the Scripture saith, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water," (Joh 7:37, 38:) thereby calling off the people from their carnal mirth and festive and pompous ceremonies, to seek spiritual refreshment for their minds.

Le 23:36; Joh 7:37-39; Re 7:9-17

do, or, offer. in your set feasts.It appears from the account in these two chapters, that there were annually offered to God, at the public charge, independently of a prodigious number of voluntary, vow, and trespass offerings, 15 goats, 21 kids, 72 rams, 132 bullocks, and 1,101 lambs. But how little is all this compared with the lambs slain every year at the passover. Cestius, the Roman general, asked the priests how many persons had come to Jerusalem at their annual festivals: the priests, numbering the people by the lambs that had been slain, said, "twenty-five myriads, 5,000, and 600."

Le 23:2; 1Ch 23:31; 2Ch 31:3; Ezr 3:5; Ne 10:33; Isa 1:14

beside your vows.

6:21; Le 7:11,16-38; 22:21-23; 23:28; De 12:6; 1Co 10:31

Ex 40:16; De 4:5; Mt 28:20; Ac 20:27; 1Co 15:3; Heb 3:2,5

‏ Deuteronomy 16:1-17

1 The feast of the passover,

9 of weeks,

13 of tabernacles.

16 Every male must offer, as he is able, at these three feasts.

18 Of judges and justice.

21 Groves and images are forbidden.

the month.

Ex 12:2-20; 34:18; Le 23:5; Nu 9:2-5; 28:16

the passover.This word comes from the Hebrew verb {pasach,} to pass, to leap or skip over. The destroying angel passed over the houses marked with the blood of the Paschal Lamb, so the wrath of God passes over those whose souls sprinkled with the blood of Christ. 1Co 5:7. As the paschal lamb was killed before Israel was delivered, so by the death of Christ, we have redemption through his blood. It was killed before the tables of the law were delivered to Moses, or Aaron's sacrifices were enjoined; thus deliverance comes to men, not by the works of the law, but by the only true passover, the Lamb of God. Ro 3:25. Heb 9:14. It was killed the first month of the year, which prefigured that Christ should suffer death in that month. Joh 18:28. it was killed in the evening. Ex 12:6. Christ suffered at that time of the day. Mt 27:46. Heb 1:2. At even the sun sets; at Christ's passion, universal darkness was upon the whole earth. The passover was roasted with fire, denoting the sharp and dreadful pains that Christ should suffer, not only from men, but God also. It was to be eaten with bitter herbs, Ex 12:8; not only to put them in remembrance of their bitter bondage in Egypt, but also to testify our mortification to sin, and readiness to undergo afflictions for Christ, Col 1:24; and likewise to teach us the absolute necessity of true repentance in all that would profitably feed by faith on Christ, the true paschal lamb.

for in.

Ex 12:29-42; 13:4; 23:15; 34:18

sacrifice.

Ex 12:5-7; Nu 28:16-19; 2Ch 35:7; Mt 26:2,17; Mr 14:12; Lu 22:8,15

1Co 5:7

in the place which.

12:5,11,14,18,26; 15:20

eat no.

Ex 12:15,19,20,39; 13:3-7; 34:18; Le 23:6; Nu 9:11; 28:17; 1Co 5:8

the bread.

1Ki 22:27; Ps 102:9; 127:2; Zec 12:10; 2Co 7:10,11; 1Th 1:6

for thou camest.

Ex 12:32,33,39

mayest.

Ex 12:14,26,27; 13:7-9; Ps 111:4; Lu 22:19; 1Co 11:24-26

there shall.

Ex 12:15; 13:7; 34:25

neither.

Ex 12:10

sacrifice. or, kill.

2; 12:5,6

at even.

Ex 12:6-9; Nu 9:3,11; Mt 26:20; Heb 1:2,3; 9:26; 1Pe 1:19,20

roast.

Ex 12:8,9; 2Ch 35:13; Ps 22:14,15

in the place.

2,6; 2Ki 23:23; Joh 2:13,23; 11:55

Six days.

Ex 12:15,16; 13:7,8; Le 23:6-8; Nu 28:17-19

solemn assembly. Heb. restraint.

Le 23:36; 2Ch 7:9; Ne 8:18; Joe 1:14; *margins

10,16; Ex 23:16; 34:22; Le 23:15,16; Nu 28:26-30; 2Ch 8:13; Ac 2:1

1Co 16:8; Heb 2:1

a tribute. or, sufficiency.

16; Le 5:7; 12:8; 25:26; *margins

Nu 31:28,37; Pr 3:9,10

according.

17; Pr 10:22; Joe 2:14; Hag 2:15-19; Mal 3:10,11; 1Co 16:2

2Co 8:10,12; 9:5-11

14; 12:7,12,18; Isa 64:5; 66:10-14; Hab 3:18; Ro 5:11; 2Co 1:24

Php 4:4

15; 15:15; La 3:19,20; Ro 6:17,18; Eph 2:1-3,11

the feast.

31:10; Ex 23:16; 34:22; Le 23:34-36; Nu 29:12-40; 2Ch 5:3; 7:8-10

2Ch 8:13; Ezr 3:4; Ne 8:14-18; Zec 14:16-18; Joh 7:2

corn and thy wine. Heb. floor and thine wine-press.

12:12; 26:11; Ne 8:9-12; Ec 9:7; Isa 12:1-6; 25:6-8; 30:29; 35:10

1Th 5:16

Seven days.

Le 23:36-42; Nu 29:12-38

because.

10; 7:13; 28:8-12; 30:16

Three times.

Ex 23:14-17; 34:22,23; 1Ki 9:25

and they shall.

Ex 23:15; 34:20; 1Ch 29:3-9,14-17; Ps 96:8; Pr 3:9,10; Isa 23:18

Isa 60:6-9; Hag 1:9; Mt 2:11; Mr 12:3

as he is able. Heb. according to the gift of his hand.

10; Le 27:8; Ezr 2:63; Mr 12:41-44; 2Co 8:12; 9:6,7

‏ Psalms 81:1-4

1 An exhortation to a solemn praising of God.

4 God challenges that duty by reason of his benefits.

8 God, exhorting to obedience, complains of their disobedience, which proves their own hurt.

A.M. 3489. B.C. 515. (Title.) Gittith.

8:1; *title

A Psalm.Some suppose this Psalm to have been composed to be sung at the feast of Trumpets, before the time of David; and others think it was written at the removal of the ark to Mount Zion; but the most probable opinion is, that it was sung at the dedication of the second temple.

of Asaph. or, for Asaph.

Sing.

67:4; Jer 31:7

our strength.

18:1,2; 28:7; 52:7; Php 4:13

make.

33:1-3; 46:1-7; 66:1; 100:1,2

the God.

46:11; Ge 50:17; Mt 22:32

92:3; 95:1,2; 149:1-3; Mr 14:26; Eph 5:19; Col 3:16; Jas 5:13

Blow.

98:6; Nu 10:1-9; 1Ch 15:24; 16:6,42; 2Ch 5:12; 13:12,14